from __future__ import annotations

import codecs
import hashlib
import json
import logging
import os
import stat
import sys
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from dataclasses import dataclass
from enum import Enum
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, TypeVar

from .compat import IS_LINUX, IS_MACOS, IS_WINDOWS
from .file_lock import FileLock, FileLockError
from .options import installed_keyring, keyring

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
T = TypeVar("T")


class TokenType(Enum):
    """Types of credentials that can be cached to avoid repeated authentication.

    - ID_TOKEN: SSO identity token from external browser/Okta authentication
    - MFA_TOKEN: Multi-factor authentication token to skip MFA prompts
    - OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN: Short-lived OAuth access token
    - OAUTH_REFRESH_TOKEN: Long-lived OAuth token to obtain new access tokens
    """

    ID_TOKEN = "ID_TOKEN"
    MFA_TOKEN = "MFA_TOKEN"
    OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN = "OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN"
    OAUTH_REFRESH_TOKEN = "OAUTH_REFRESH_TOKEN"


class _InvalidTokenKeyError(Exception):
    pass


@dataclass
class TokenKey:
    user: str
    host: str
    tokenType: TokenType

    def string_key(self) -> str:
        if len(self.host) == 0:
            raise _InvalidTokenKeyError("Invalid key, host is empty")
        if len(self.user) == 0:
            raise _InvalidTokenKeyError("Invalid key, user is empty")
        return f"{self.host.upper()}:{self.user.upper()}:{self.tokenType.value}"

    def hash_key(self) -> str:
        m = hashlib.sha256()
        m.update(self.string_key().encode(encoding="utf-8"))
        return m.hexdigest()


def _warn(warning: str) -> None:
    logger.warning(warning)
    print("Warning: " + warning, file=sys.stderr)


class TokenCache(ABC):
    """Secure storage for authentication credentials to avoid repeated login prompts.

    Platform-specific implementations:
    - macOS/Windows: Uses OS keyring (Keychain/Credential Manager) via 'keyring' library
    - Linux: Uses encrypted JSON file in ~/.cache/snowflake/ with 0o600 permissions
    - Fallback: NoopTokenCache (no caching) if secure storage unavailable

    Tokens are keyed by (host, user, token_type) to support multiple accounts.
    """

    @staticmethod
    def make(skip_file_permissions_check: bool = False) -> TokenCache:
        if IS_MACOS or IS_WINDOWS:
            if not installed_keyring:
                _warn(
                    "Dependency 'keyring' is not installed, cannot cache id token. You might experience "
                    "multiple authentication pop ups while using ExternalBrowser/OAuth/MFA Authenticator. To avoid "
                    "this please install keyring module using the following command:\n"
                    " pip install snowflake-connector-python[secure-local-storage]"
                )
                return NoopTokenCache()
            return KeyringTokenCache()

        if IS_LINUX:
            cache = FileTokenCache.make(skip_file_permissions_check)
            if cache:
                return cache
            else:
                _warn(
                    "Failed to initialize file based token cache. You might experience "
                    "multiple authentication pop ups while using ExternalBrowser/OAuth/MFA Authenticator."
                )
                return NoopTokenCache()

    @abstractmethod
    def store(self, key: TokenKey, token: str) -> None:
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def retrieve(self, key: TokenKey) -> str | None:
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def remove(self, key: TokenKey) -> None:
        pass


class _FileTokenCacheError(Exception):
    pass


class _OwnershipError(_FileTokenCacheError):
    pass


class _PermissionsTooWideError(_FileTokenCacheError):
    pass


class _CacheDirNotFoundError(_FileTokenCacheError):
    pass


class _InvalidCacheDirError(_FileTokenCacheError):
    pass


class _MalformedCacheFileError(_FileTokenCacheError):
    pass


class _CacheFileReadError(_FileTokenCacheError):
    pass


class _CacheFileWriteError(_FileTokenCacheError):
    pass


class FileTokenCache(TokenCache):
    """Linux implementation: stores tokens in JSON file with strict security.

    Cache location (in priority order):
    1. $SF_TEMPORARY_CREDENTIAL_CACHE_DIR/credential_cache_v1.json
    2. $XDG_CACHE_HOME/snowflake/credential_cache_v1.json
    3. $HOME/.cache/snowflake/credential_cache_v1.json

    Security: File must have 0o600 permissions and be owned by current user.
    Uses file locks to prevent concurrent access corruption.
    """

    @staticmethod
    def make(skip_file_permissions_check: bool = False) -> FileTokenCache | None:
        cache_dir = FileTokenCache.find_cache_dir(skip_file_permissions_check)
        if cache_dir is None:
            logging.getLogger(__name__).debug(
                "Failed to find suitable cache directory for token cache. File based token cache initialization failed."
            )
            return None
        else:
            return FileTokenCache(
                cache_dir, skip_file_permissions_check=skip_file_permissions_check
            )

    def __init__(
        self, cache_dir: Path, skip_file_permissions_check: bool = False
    ) -> None:
        self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
        self.cache_dir: Path = cache_dir
        self._skip_file_permissions_check = skip_file_permissions_check

    def store(self, key: TokenKey, token: str) -> None:
        try:
            FileTokenCache.validate_cache_dir(
                self.cache_dir, self._skip_file_permissions_check
            )
            with FileLock(self.lock_file()):
                cache = self._read_cache_file()
                cache["tokens"][key.hash_key()] = token
                self._write_cache_file(cache)
        except _FileTokenCacheError as e:
            self.logger.error(f"Failed to store token: {e=}")
        except FileLockError as e:
            self.logger.error(f"Unable to lock file lock: {e=}")
        except _InvalidTokenKeyError as e:
            self.logger.error(f"Failed to produce token key {e=}")

    def retrieve(self, key: TokenKey) -> str | None:
        try:
            FileTokenCache.validate_cache_dir(
                self.cache_dir, self._skip_file_permissions_check
            )
            with FileLock(self.lock_file()):
                cache = self._read_cache_file()
                token = cache["tokens"].get(key.hash_key(), None)
                if isinstance(token, str):
                    return token
                else:
                    return None
        except _FileTokenCacheError as e:
            self.logger.error(f"Failed to retrieve token: {e=}")
            return None
        except FileLockError as e:
            self.logger.error(f"Unable to lock file lock: {e=}")
            return None
        except _InvalidTokenKeyError as e:
            self.logger.error(f"Failed to produce token key {e=}")
            return None

    def remove(self, key: TokenKey) -> None:
        try:
            FileTokenCache.validate_cache_dir(
                self.cache_dir, self._skip_file_permissions_check
            )
            with FileLock(self.lock_file()):
                cache = self._read_cache_file()
                cache["tokens"].pop(key.hash_key(), None)
                self._write_cache_file(cache)
        except _FileTokenCacheError as e:
            self.logger.error(f"Failed to remove token: {e=}")
        except FileLockError as e:
            self.logger.error(f"Unable to lock file lock: {e=}")
        except _InvalidTokenKeyError as e:
            self.logger.error(f"Failed to produce token key {e=}")

    def cache_file(self) -> Path:
        return self.cache_dir / "credential_cache_v1.json"

    def lock_file(self) -> Path:
        return self.cache_dir / "credential_cache_v1.json.lck"

    def _read_cache_file(self) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
        fd = -1
        json_data = {"tokens": {}}
        try:
            fd = os.open(self.cache_file(), os.O_RDONLY)
            if not self._skip_file_permissions_check:
                self._ensure_permissions(fd, 0o600)
            size = os.lseek(fd, 0, os.SEEK_END)
            os.lseek(fd, 0, os.SEEK_SET)
            data = os.read(fd, size)
            json_data = json.loads(codecs.decode(data, "utf-8"))
        except FileNotFoundError:
            self.logger.debug(f"{self.cache_file()} not found")
        except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError as e:
            self.logger.warning(
                f"Failed to decode json read from cache file {self.cache_file()}: {e.__class__.__name__}"
            )
        except UnicodeError as e:
            self.logger.warning(
                f"Failed to decode utf-8 read from cache file {self.cache_file()}: {e.__class__.__name__}"
            )
        except OSError as e:
            self.logger.warning(f"Failed to read cache file {self.cache_file()}: {e}")
        finally:
            if fd > 0:
                os.close(fd)

        if "tokens" not in json_data or not isinstance(json_data["tokens"], dict):
            json_data["tokens"] = {}

        return json_data

    def _write_cache_file(self, json_data: dict):
        fd = -1
        self.logger.debug(f"Writing cache file {self.cache_file()}")
        try:
            fd = os.open(
                self.cache_file(), os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_TRUNC, 0o600
            )
            if not self._skip_file_permissions_check:
                self._ensure_permissions(fd, 0o600)
            os.write(fd, codecs.encode(json.dumps(json_data), "utf-8"))
            return json_data
        except OSError as e:
            raise _CacheFileWriteError("Failed to write cache file", e)
        finally:
            if fd > 0:
                os.close(fd)

    @staticmethod
    def find_cache_dir(skip_file_permissions_check: bool = False) -> Path | None:
        def lookup_env_dir(env_var: str, subpath_segments: list[str]) -> Path | None:
            env_val = os.getenv(env_var)
            if env_val is None:
                logger.debug(
                    f"Environment variable {env_var} not set. Skipping it in cache directory lookup."
                )
                return None

            directory = Path(env_val)

            if len(subpath_segments) > 0:
                if not directory.exists():
                    logger.debug(
                        f"Path {str(directory)} does not exist. Skipping it in cache directory lookup."
                    )
                    return None

                if not directory.is_dir():
                    logger.debug(
                        f"Path {str(directory)} is not a directory. Skipping it in cache directory lookup."
                    )
                    return None

                for subpath in subpath_segments[:-1]:
                    directory = directory / subpath
                    directory.mkdir(exist_ok=True, mode=0o755)

                directory = directory / subpath_segments[-1]
                directory.mkdir(exist_ok=True, mode=0o700)

            try:
                FileTokenCache.validate_cache_dir(
                    directory, skip_file_permissions_check
                )
                return directory
            except _FileTokenCacheError as e:
                _warn(
                    f"Cache directory validation failed for {str(directory)} due to error '{e}'. Skipping it in cache directory lookup."
                )
                return None

        lookup_functions = [
            lambda: lookup_env_dir("SF_TEMPORARY_CREDENTIAL_CACHE_DIR", []),
            lambda: lookup_env_dir("XDG_CACHE_HOME", ["snowflake"]),
            lambda: lookup_env_dir("HOME", [".cache", "snowflake"]),
        ]

        for lf in lookup_functions:
            cache_dir = lf()
            if cache_dir:
                return cache_dir

        return None

    @staticmethod
    def validate_cache_dir(
        cache_dir: Path | None, skip_file_permissions_check: bool = False
    ) -> None:
        try:
            statinfo = cache_dir.stat()

            if cache_dir is None:
                raise _CacheDirNotFoundError("Cache dir was not found")

            if not stat.S_ISDIR(statinfo.st_mode):
                raise _InvalidCacheDirError(f"Cache dir {cache_dir} is not a directory")

            if not skip_file_permissions_check:
                permissions = stat.S_IMODE(statinfo.st_mode)
                if permissions != 0o700:
                    raise _PermissionsTooWideError(
                        f"Cache dir {cache_dir} has incorrect permissions. {permissions:o} != 0700"
                    )

                euid = os.geteuid()
                if statinfo.st_uid != euid:
                    raise _OwnershipError(
                        f"Cache dir {cache_dir} has incorrect owner. {euid} != {statinfo.st_uid}"
                    )

        except FileNotFoundError:
            raise _CacheDirNotFoundError(
                f"Cache dir {cache_dir} was not found. Failed to stat."
            )

    def _ensure_permissions(self, fd: int, permissions: int) -> None:
        try:
            statinfo = os.fstat(fd)
            actual_permissions = stat.S_IMODE(statinfo.st_mode)

            if actual_permissions != permissions:
                raise _PermissionsTooWideError(
                    f"Cache file {self.cache_file()} has incorrect permissions. {permissions:o} != {actual_permissions:o}"
                )

            euid = os.geteuid()
            if statinfo.st_uid != euid:
                raise _OwnershipError(
                    f"Cache file {self.cache_file()} has incorrect owner. {euid} != {statinfo.st_uid}"
                )

        except FileNotFoundError:
            pass


class KeyringTokenCache(TokenCache):
    """macOS/Windows implementation: uses OS-native secure credential storage.

    - macOS: Stores tokens in Keychain
    - Windows: Stores tokens in Windows Credential Manager

    Tokens are stored with service="{HOST}:{USER}:{TOKEN_TYPE}" and username="{USER}".
    """

    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

    def store(self, key: TokenKey, token: str) -> None:
        try:
            keyring.set_password(
                key.string_key(),
                key.user.upper(),
                token,
            )
        except _InvalidTokenKeyError as e:
            self.logger.error(f"Could not retrieve {key.tokenType} from keyring, {e=}")
        except keyring.errors.KeyringError as ke:
            self.logger.error("Could not store id_token to keyring, %s", str(ke))

    def retrieve(self, key: TokenKey) -> str | None:
        try:
            return keyring.get_password(
                key.string_key(),
                key.user.upper(),
            )
        except keyring.errors.KeyringError as ke:
            self.logger.error(
                "Could not retrieve {} from secure storage : {}".format(
                    key.tokenType.value, str(ke)
                )
            )
        except _InvalidTokenKeyError as e:
            self.logger.error(f"Could not retrieve {key.tokenType} from keyring, {e=}")

    def remove(self, key: TokenKey) -> None:
        try:
            keyring.delete_password(
                key.string_key(),
                key.user.upper(),
            )
        except _InvalidTokenKeyError as e:
            self.logger.error(f"Could not retrieve {key.tokenType} from keyring, {e=}")
        except Exception as ex:
            self.logger.error(
                "Failed to delete credential in the keyring: err=[%s]", ex
            )
        pass


class NoopTokenCache(TokenCache):
    def store(self, key: TokenKey, token: str) -> None:
        return None

    def retrieve(self, key: TokenKey) -> str | None:
        return None

    def remove(self, key: TokenKey) -> None:
        return None